Polarized electromagnet.



No. 7|4,452. Patentsdflov. 25, I902.

L.' CEREBUTANI.

POLARIZED ELECTROMAGNET.

(Application file i Apr. 25, 1902.\ (Na Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet I.

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No; 7|4;'452.4\. Patented Nov; 25, I902.

L. CEREBOTANI.

POLARIZED ELECTROMAGNET.

(Application filed Apr. zs, 1902.) (Na Model.) I 2 Sheets-sheaf 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT ()EFICE.

LUIGI OEREBOTANI, OF MUNICH, GERMANY.

POLARIZED ELECTROMAGNET.

- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 714,452, datedNovember 25, 1902.

Application filed April 25, 1902. Serial No. 104,662. \No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, LUIGI OEREBOTANI, a subject of the King of Bavaria,residing at Munich, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, in the German Empire,have invented new and useful Improvements in Polarized Electromagnets,of which the following is a specification.

The subject of the present invention is an electromagnet responding onlyto one kind of current, (positive ornegative.) This electromagnetdiffers from other polarized electromagnets for the same purpose,inasmuch as the response is absolutely reliable-that is to say, thearmature oscillates with perfect certainty Whether the oscillationsserve to perform mechanical work or to close a local circuit performingsuch work. The new electromagnet further differs from previous similarconstructions in that the increase of current strength in no Wayinfluences the effect of the response of the magnet. The presentelectromagnet is in no way limited in its action, and its force ofattraction and repulsion, even with the most rapid current impulses, isconsiderably stronger than is the case with other electromagnets.

The polarization of the new electromagnet is not effected by means of alocal current, but by a steel magnet. The manner of operation,therefore, is essentially different, and the forces of attraction andrepulsion are thereby considerably increased. The operation is such thatthe mechanical effect is to a certain extent intensified.

One construction of the new electromagnet is illustrated by the annexeddrawings, in which Figure 1 shows a side elevation, Fig. 2 a plan view,and Fig. 3 an under side view, of the new electromagnet. Figs. 4 and 5show front views of the electromagnets employed. Fig. 6 isa diagramshowing the course of the current.

The new polarized electromagnetic device consists of two bobbins c d,with a soft-iron horseshoe-core, (see Fig. 5,) and of two bobbins a h,each having a soft-iron core, (see Fig. 4;) furthermore, of a steelmagnets, (see Figs. 1, 2, and 3,) the poles of which correspond to theends of the last-named iron cores, and, finally, of a double armaturehis,

Figs. 1 and 2, in connection with a cross-bar e, pivotally mounted in abearing Z.

For regulating the magnetic effects screws 1 2 3 4 are providedaccording to the particular purpose in View and the current strengthemployed. The coils of all the bobbins a b 061 are contained in theline-circuit L, Fig. 6. If, therefore, the line-current L flows, forinstance, from the pole of a battery B or B, it will pass through d, c,b, and a to the other pole or to earth. If now no current passes throughthe line-circuit, the steel. magnet 3 alone acts. The cores in ab arelikewise magnetic, and the armature h is attracted-4. e., the cross-bare will tip toward a b. If next a current flows from B or B, it is eithersuch as to magnetize the cores a b with the same kind of magnetism asthe steel magnet 01' with the opposite kind. In the first case themagnetic force of current and steel magnet is aggregated, and should thesum result in a force greater than that which is generated in themagnet-pair c d by the same current the armature h will remainattracted. In the second case, on the other hand, the magnetic force ata b will be eliminated or diminished, so that the magnetic force at c ddue to the current is in any case the greater one, wherefore thearmature 76 will be attractedthat is, the cross-bar 6 Will tilt toward 0d.

In order that the aggregated force in the first instance above referredto may result in a sum which independent of the precise strength of theline-current, or at any rate until the latter is of very great strength,is greater than the strength exerted at the magnet-pair a (Z due to thesame current, the coils are so wound that there are fewer turns of wireon c (1 than on the other pair a b. The necessity for this is thedifferent magnetic effect at the two electromagnets, were the number ofcoils the same on both bobbins, since the effect would then be fargreater at c d, where the iron core is common to both bobbins c and 01than at a b, where there are two separate cores. In this case theelectromagnetism at c (i would readily predominate on the passage of acurrent, even producing at a b magnetism of the kind which would add tothe efiect of the force of the steel magnet. To overcome this drawback,the unlike number of coils is adopted, and from this arrangement itfollows: First, with this apparatus the smallest current through c d anda b causing a magnet effect of the opposite kind to that caused by thesteel magnet 8 results in tipping of the cross-bar et'. 6., attractionof the armature 7t'toward the side 0 d, for it is well known thatthereby the effect of the steel magnet s at a Z) (however strong 3 maybe) becomes zero. Thus all strengths of such a current-2'. e., of thesame direction-cause tilting of e-'i. 6., response of c cZ-since themagnetic effect at Ct b resulting from the current can in any case onlybe one sensibly diminished by the opposing action of 8, while at theelectromagnet c ditis in no way decreased. Second. A current producing amagnetic efiect at a b of the same kind as 8 causes, when the strengthis zero or is exceptionally high, tipping of the bar e-that is,attraction toward 0 01. Third. The electromagnetic device is such thatthe cross-bar 6 only tips in response to one kind of currentforinstance, positive-of the smallest up to the greatest strength, so thateither a mechanical effect or closing of a local circuit may beproduced, while the same cross-bar remains unaffected by currents ofopposite kind.

Having thus described my invention, what Iclaim as new, and desire tosecure byLetters Patent, is

1. A polarized electromagnetic device, comprising a permanenthorseshoe-magnet, an electromagnetic pair the cores of which correspondto the poles of the said permanent magnet, a horseshoe-electromagnet,the coils of both electromagnetic pairs being wound in series, and adouble-armed pivotal lever-armature for said electromagnetic pairs, allsubstantially as described.

2. A polarized electromagnetic device, comprising a permanenthorseshoe-magnet, an electromagnetic pair the cores of which correspondto the poles of the said permanent magnet, a horseshoe-electromagnet,the coils of both electromagnetic pairs being wound in series, thefirst-named pair having a larger number of coils than thehorseshoe-electromagnet, and a double-armed pivotal leverarmature forsaid electromagnetic pairs, all substantially as described.

3. A polarized electromagnetic device, comprising a permanenthorseshoe-magnet, an electromagnetic pair the cores of which correspondto the poles of the said permanent magnet, a horseshoe-electromagnet,the coils of both electromagnetic pairs being wound in series, thefirst-named pair having a larger number of coils than thehorseshoe-electromagnet, a double-armed pivotal lever-armature for saidelectromagnetic pairs and means for controlling the oscillations of theleverarmature, all substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

LUIGI OEREBOTANI.

Witnesses:

GEBHART BERNHARD, H. R. MOGINNIs.

